The Intelligence Community has no credible information that Baghdad had foreknowledge of the 11 September attacks or any other al-Qaeda strike, but continues to pursue all leads. And, according to the Post, "another former senior intelligence official said the memo is not an intelligence product but rather 'data points among the millions of holdings of the intelligence agencies, many of which are simply not thought likely to be true. "Postwar information reveals that Baghdad viewed Ansar al-Islam as a threat to the regime and that the IIS attempted to collect intelligence on the group. Since last year, members of this network have been apprehended in France. The CIA was also reasonable in judging that Iraq appeared to have been reaching out to more effective terrorist groups, such as Hizballah and Hamas, and might have intended to employ such surrogates in the event of war. "[45] The conclusion of counterterrorism experts Rohan Gunaratna, Bruce Hoffman, and Daniel Benjamin, as well as journalists Peter Bergen and Jason Burke (who have both written extensively on al-Qaeda), has been that there is no evidence that suggests any collaborative relationship between Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda. "[28] The Pentagon also went through the documents and released an official study of the documents; the study does not report on any evidence linking Saddam to al-Qaeda (see below). Read breaking headlines covering politics, economics, pop culture, and more. "We looked at this as an opportunity to disprove the conventional wisdom, and basically we came to the conclusion that the CIA had this one right." Latest news from around the globe, including the nuclear arms race, migration, North Korea, Brexit and more. AFP Based on information provided to Committee staff, these gaps had three main causes: 1. a late start collecting against the target, This page may have been moved, deleted, or is otherwise unavailable. ", Conclusion 8: "No postwar information indicates that Iraq intended to use al-Qa'ida or any other terrorist group to strike the United States homeland before or during Operation Iraqi Freedom. [60] In the address, Powell made several claims about Iraq's ties to terrorism. According to The New York Times, al-Libi provided some accurate intelligence on al Qaeda and made some statements about Iraq and al Qaeda while in American custody, but it wasn't until being after he was handed over to Egypt that he made more specific assertions about Iraq training al Qaeda members in biological and chemical weapons. The reports describe friendly contacts and indicate some common themes in both sides' hatred of the United States. The Asahi Shimbun "The holding will call into question many other regulations that protect consumers with respect to credit cards, bank accounts, mortgage loans, debt collection, credit reports, and identity theft," tweeted Chris Peterson, a former enforcement attorney at the CFPB who is now a law After Saddam lost the Gulf War (and facing widespread rebellions from the Shia majority), he identified more closely with Islam by hosting international conferences and broadcasting Islamic sermons on national radio. Slavery in the colonial Former counterterrorism czar Richard A. Clarke writes, [t]he simple fact is that lots of people, particularly in the Middle East, pass along many rumors and they end up being recorded and filed by U.S. intelligence agencies in raw reports. The report concludes that "In contrast to the patron-client pattern between Iraq and its Palestinian surrogates, the relationship between Iraq and al-Qaida appears to more closely resemble that of two independent actors trying to exploit each othertheir mutual suspicion suborned by al-Qaida's interest in Iraqi assistance, and Baghdad's interest in al-Qaida's anti-U.S. attacks. He said: "First, just if I might correct a misperception, I don't think we ever saidat least I know I didn't say that there was a direct connection between September the 11th and Saddam Hussein. (Page 348), Conclusion 99. The relationship between Iraq and al-Qaeda appears to more closely resemble that of two independent actors trying to exploit each other - their mutual suspicion suborned by al-Qaeda's interest in Iraqi assistance, and Baghdad's interest in al-Qaida's anti-U.S. attacks. Bin Ladin apparently honored this pledge, at least for a time, although he continued to aid a group of Islamist extremists operating in part of Iraq (Kurdistan) outside of Baghdad's control. That means the impact could spread far beyond the agencys payday lending rule. The Late Middle Ages or Late Medieval Period was the period of European history lasting from AD 1300 to 1500. "[106] In an interview with Tim Russert on Meet the Press, Vice President Cheney stated, "We've never been able to confirm any connection between Iraq and 9/11." The official report on the survey, issued in 1768, did not even mention their names. NBC News To help you find what you are looking for: Check the URL (web address) for misspellings or errors. Yahoo News - Latest News & Headlines "[44] Pape notes that no al-Qaeda suicide attackers came from Iraq. There have been no credible reports since the war that Iraq trained al-Qa'ida operatives at Salman Pak to conduct or support transnational terrorist operations. Times Literary Supplement Still cant find what youre [] Even the alleged training and safe-haven involved secular Baathists not associated with al-Qaeda. United States Department of State [18] It is now known that the main source for the CIA's claim that Iraq had trained al-Qaeda members in bomb making and poisons and gases included the now recanted claims of captured al-Qaeda leader Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi. The official report on the survey, issued in 1768, did not even mention their names. Muslim conquests following Muhammad's death led to the creation of the caliphates, occupying a vast geographical area; conversion to Islam was boosted by Arab Muslim forces conquering vast territories and building imperial structures over time. As described below, the ensuing years saw additional efforts to establish connections. [113], In June 2008, the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence released the final part of its Phase II investigation into the intelligence assessments that led to the U.S. invasion and occupation of Iraq; this part of the investigation looked into statements of members of the Bush Administration and compared those statements to what the intelligence community was telling the Administration at the time. According to Newsweek, "The most recent CIA analysis is an updatebased on fresh reporting from Iraq and interviews with former Saddam officialsof a classified report that analysts in the CIA's Directorate of Intelligence first produced more than a year ago. all rights reserved. News According to the AP story, "Boaz Ganor, an Israeli counter-terrorism expert, told the AP he knows of no Iraqi ties to terror groups, beyond Baghdad's relationship with Palestinian militias and possibly Osama bin Laden's Al Qaeda. The report was leaked to the BBC, who published information about it on February 5, the same day Colin Powell addressed the United Nations. TPM Talking Points Memo The spread of Islam, particularly in Africa and Asia, owes much to the trade of goods such as spices and gold, and slaves as well. Entertainment News When pressed about the Senate Report, Cheney acknowledged, "I haven't seen the report. In 1998, Iraq was under intensifying U.S. pressure, which culminated in a series of large air attacks in December. Revealed in its final form by the Prophet Muhammad. (Page 63), The FBI does not have formal efforts underway to review the prewar relationship between the former Iraqi regime and al-Qa'ida. Bin Ladin declined, apparently judging that his circumstances in Afghanistan remained more favorable than the Iraqi alternative. The DIA report also cast significant doubt on the possibility of a Saddam Hussein-al-Qaeda conspiracy: "Saddam's regime is intensely secular and is wary of Islamic revolutionary movements. "[69], In January 2003, British intelligence completed a classified report on Iraq that concluded that "there are no current links between the Iraqi regime and the al-Qaeda network." Slavery in the colonial '"[112], The report goes on to point out that while both Saddam and al-Qaeda had a common enemy in the United States, "the similarities ended there: bin Laden wanted - and still wants - to restore the Islamic caliphate while Saddam, despite his later Islamic rhetoric, dreamed more narrowly of being the secular ruler of a united Arab nation. A training camp in Salman Pak, south of Baghdad, was said by a number of defectors to have been used to train international terrorists (assumed to be al-Qaeda members) in hijacking techniques using a real airplane as a prop. We know, for example, in connection with the original World Trade Center bombing in '93 that one of the bombers was Iraqi, returned to Iraq after the attack of '93. failed the Bush administration by delivering intelligence assessments to policy makers that have since been discredited. [1] In the lead-up to the Iraq War, George W. Bush administration officials alleged that the Saddam Hussein regime had an operational relationship with al-Qaeda (even though there was scant credible evidence of such a relationship at the time), basing the administration's rationale for war, in part, on this allegation and others. Paul (previously called Saul of Tarsus; c. 5 c. 64/65 AD), commonly known as Paul the Apostle and Saint Paul, was a Christian apostle who spread the teachings of Jesus in the first-century world. On the more specific question of whether Saddam Hussein was behind the attacks of September 11, 2001, the consensus view is that there is no credible evidence of his government's involvement. His government focused on dismantling Iraq's interaction with al-Qaeda is impelled by mutual antipathy toward the United States and the Saudi royal family and by bin Ladin's interest in unconventional weapons and relocation sites. His parents met while at university in Tiflis (now Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia), where Sharon's father was studying agronomy and his mother was A former Israeli intelligence official described the meeting between Zarqawi and bin Laden as "loathing at first sight. Nor have we seen evidence indicating that Iraq cooperated with al Qaeda in developing or carrying out any attacks against the United States. The Definitive Voice of Entertainment News Subscribe for full access to The Hollywood Reporter. The report also concluded that "Statements that Iraq provided safe haven for Abu Musab al-Zarqawi and other al-Qa'ida-related terrorist members were substantiated by the intelligence assessments. Slavery in the colonial history of the United States, from 1526 to 1776, developed from complex factors, and researchers have proposed several theories to explain the development of the institution of slavery and of the slave trade.Slavery strongly correlated with the European colonies' demand for labor, especially for the labor-intensive plantation economies of the sugar colonies That does not make them 'intelligence'. This page was last edited on 20 November 2022, at 11:52. The Senate Select Committee on Intelligence reviewed the CIA's investigation and concluded that the CIA's conclusion that there was no evidence of operational collaboration was justified. In mid-1998, the situation reversed; it was Iraq that reportedly took the initiative. The Hollywood Reporter It also concluded that the INC "attempted to influence US policy on Iraq by providing false information through defectors directed at convincing the United States that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction and had links to terrorists." To help you find what you are looking for: Check the URL (web address) for misspellings or errors. Times Literary Supplement Trevor Loudon's New Zeal Blog The Enemies Within The Mason-Dixon Line: What Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (/ m n d l /; Xhosa: [xolaa mandla]; 18 July 1918 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid activist who served as the first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. While Saddam was not involved in the September 11 attacks, members of his government did have contacts with al-Qaeda over the years; many of the links, as will be seen below, are not considered by experts and analysts as convincing evidence of a collaborative operational relationship. This period is traditionally understood to have begun during the reign of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid (786 to 809) with the inauguration of the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, the world's largest city by Jainism. Jessica Marie Johnsons award-winning and groundbreaking book Wicked Flesh is now available in paperback from Penn Press! The CIA has since recalled and reissued all its intelligence reporting about al-Libi's recanted claims. No evidence of such an understanding has ever been produced. Abu Musab Al-Zarqawi still remains at large to come and go. The official report issued by the 9/11 Commission in July 2004 addressed the issue of a possible conspiracy between the government of Iraq and al-Qaeda in the September 11 attacks. I can't think otherwise because I'd never seen evidence to suggest there was one."[62]. The most disturbing aspect of the relationship is the dozen or so reports of varying reliability mentioning the involvement of Iraq or Iraqi nationals in al-Qa'ida's efforts to obtain CBW training. Those forces mostly operated in areas not under Saddam's control. officials have since backed off of this claim, and even Cheney has since acknowledged that the notion "that the meeting ever took place" has been "pretty well knocked down now. If they had such a productive relationship, why did they have to keep trying? This service contacted Iraqi officials twice, and we passed details that should have made it easy to find Abu Musab Al-Zarqawi. Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia The Asahi Shimbun LAFP est une agence dinformation globale, assurant une couverture rapide, complte et vrifie des vnements de lactualit comme des thmes qui faonnent notre quotidien. Even though the CIA and FBI had already concluded that Iraq played no role in the attack, the Clinton administration refused the offer. "[14] (See Mohamed Atta's alleged Prague connection. The Saddamal-Qaeda conspiracy theory was a conspiracy theory based on allegations made by U.S. government officials, who claimed that a highly secretive relationship existed between Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and the radical Islamist militant organization Al-Qaeda between 1992 and 2003, specifically through a series of meetings reportedly involving the Iraqi Intelligence Service (IIS). NBC News [19] Two U.S. counter-terrorism officials told Newsweek that they believe the information that Powell cited about al-Iraqi came exclusively from al-Libi. National Geographic stories take you on a journey thats always enlightening, often surprising, and unfailingly fascinating. The PDB writes off the few contacts that existed between Saddam's government and al-Qaeda as attempts to monitor the group rather than attempts to work with them. Islam first appeared in Bengal during Pala rule, as a result of increased trade with the early Arab Muslim merchants in places such as the Port of Chittagong. [93] The reports Piro filed during the interrogation process were declassified and released in 2009 under a U.S. Freedom of Information Act request. "[21][22][23], This conclusion is consistent with the findings of various investigations into specific aspects of the Saddam Hussein/al-Qaeda relationship, including those conducted by the Central Intelligence Agency, Defense Intelligence Agency, Federal Bureau of Investigation, and National Security Council. [83] Michael Scheuer, the main researcher assigned to review the research into the project, described the review and his conclusions: "For about four weeks in late 2002 and early 2003, I and several others were engaged full time in searching CIA filesseven days a week, often far more than eight hours a day. A U.S. official familiar with the new CIA assessment said intelligence analysts were unable to determine conclusively the nature of the relationship between al-Zarqawi and Saddam. According to one report, Saddam Hussein's efforts at this time to rebuild relations with the Saudis and other Middle Eastern regimes led him to stay clear of Bin Ladin. Return to the home page. [16][17] The CIA's report on Iraq's ties to terrorism noted in September 2002 that the CIA did not have "credible intelligence reporting" of operational collaboration between Iraq and al-Qaeda. (Page 347), Conclusion 96. The Islamic Golden Age was a period of cultural, economic, and scientific flourishing in the history of Islam, traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 14th century. The dissent focused mainly on the Committee's reluctance to include statements made by previous administrations and members of Congress with regard to prewar intelligence. Analysis, in turn, involves finding independent means of corroborating the reports. Wikipedia None are reported to have received a significant response. ), In the initial stages of the war on terror, the Central Intelligence Agency, under George Tenet, was rising to prominence as the lead agency in the Afghanistan war. The study also found "some evidence that there were no operational links" between the two entities. "[5], During the lead-up to the Iraq War, two questions were raised regarding an alleged connection between Saddam Hussein's government and al-Qaeda. Islam. [25], The U.S. government released documents, called the 'Operation Iraqi Freedom documents', regarding which the Pentagon has cautioned it has made 'no determination regarding the authenticity of the documents, validity or factual accuracy. "[48] The CIA and FBI had nevertheless concluded in 1995 and 1996 that "the Iraqi government was in no way involved in the attack." The Definitive Voice of Entertainment News Subscribe for full access to The Hollywood Reporter. Bush replied, "Nothing." Most of the significant expansion occurred during the reign of the Rashidun from 632 to To help you find what you are looking for: Check the URL (web address) for misspellings or errors. Book released to help children and young people cope with COVID-19 9 April 2020 My Hero is You, How kids can fight COVID-19!, a new story book to help children understand and come to terms with COVID-19 has been produced by a collaboration of more than 50 organizations working in the humanitarian sector. about tips. Most of the significant expansion occurred during the reign of the Rashidun from 632 to Get up to the minute entertainment news, celebrity interviews, celeb videos, photos, movies, TV, music news and pop culture on ABCNews.com. Abdula Al-Iraqi (ph) characterized the relationship he forged with Iraqi officials as successful. TPM Talking Points Memo The Central Intelligence Agency reasonably assessed that there were likely several instances of contacts between Iraq and al-Qaeda throughout the 1990s, but that these contacts did not add up to an established formal relationship. The benefits of being in alliance with the extremely powerful and profitable Muslim traders was a catalyst for rulers and merchants to convert to the religion. Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia United States Department of State The investigation revealed the group "threatened Kuwaiti authorities and plans to attack American and Western interests" and was working with Osama bin Laden. detroitnews.com The IIS agent goes on to inform the Director that 'this organization is an offshoot of bin Laden, but that their objectives are similar but with different names that can be a way of camouflaging the organization. While some contacts between agents of Saddam's government and members of al-Qaeda have been alleged, the consensus of experts and analysts has held that those contacts never led to an "operational" relationship. The combination is lethal. '"[56], Some have suggested that an understanding was reached between Iraq and al-Qaeda, namely that al-Qaeda would not act against Saddam in exchange for Iraqi support, primarily in the form of training. Worship was directed to various gods and The fraternal brothers of the Ansar al-Islam expressed their willingness to offer assistance to help us achieve this goal. There is also evidence that around this time Bin Ladin sent out a number of feelers to the Iraqi regime, offering some cooperation. Fergana Valley "[31][32], Opponents of his Iraq policy charged that his statement was inconsistent with his letter to Congress of March 21, 2003 [33] and a minority (Democrat) staff report by the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Government Reform claimed that "in 125 separate appearances, they [Bush, Cheney, Powell, Rumsfeld and Rice] made 61 misleading statements about Iraq's relationship with al-Qaeda. "[57], In November 2001, a month after the September 11th attacks, Mubarak al-Duri was contacted by Sudanese intelligence services who informed him that the FBI had sent Jack Cloonan and several other agents, to speak with a number of people known to have ties to Bin Laden. DIA officials explicitly stated that they did not believe that the initial review process missed any documents of major significance regarding Iraq's links to terrorism. 2022 tpm media llc. No postwar information has been found that indicates CBW training occurred and the detainee who provided the key prewar reporting about this training recanted his claims after the war. As early as 500 BC, the western sections of the Fergana Valley formed part of the Sogdiana region, which was ruled from further west and owed fealty to the Achaemenid Empire at the time of Darius the Great.The independent and warlike Sogdiana formed a border region insulating the Achaemenid Persians from the nomadic Scythians to the north and east. Generally regarded as one of the most important figures of the Apostolic Age, he founded several Christian communities in Asia Minor and Europe from the mid-40s to the mid-50s AD. Generally regarded as one of the most important figures of the Apostolic Age, he founded several Christian communities in Asia Minor and Europe from the mid-40s to the mid-50s AD. Many of the claims of actual collaboration seem to have originated with people associated with the Iraqi National Congress whose credibility has been impeached and who have been accused of manipulating the evidence in order to lure the United States into war on false pretenses. "It (the assessment) doesn't make clear-cut, bottom-line judgments" about whether Saddam's regime was aiding al-Zarqawi. President Bush allegedly made the case to Tony Blair as early as September 14, 2001, although Blair urged him not to pursue the claim. Find latest news from every corner of the globe at Reuters.com, your online source for breaking international news coverage. They were recruiting within the same demographic, spouting much the same rhetoric, and promoting a common historical narrative that promised a return to a glorious past. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (/ m n d l /; Xhosa: [xolaa mandla]; 18 July 1918 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid activist who served as the first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. all rights reserved. [citation needed], Some sources allege that several meetings between top Iraqi operatives and bin Laden took place, but these claims have been disputed by many other sources, including most of the original intelligence agencies that investigated these sources in the first place. An ancient philosophy and ethical teaching that originated in India. Find the latest U.S. news stories, photos, and videos on NBCNews.com. "This was a red-team effort," he said. We looked at photographs. We looked at timetables. Benjamin later told Boston Globe reporters, "No one disputes that there have been contacts over the years. The benefits of being in alliance with the extremely powerful and profitable Muslim traders was a catalyst for rulers and merchants to convert to the religion. ", Conclusion 7: "Postwar information supports prewar Intelligence Community assessments that there was no credible information that Iraq was complicit in or had foreknowledge of the September 11 attacks or any other al-Qa'ida strike. An intelligence official also told Newsweek the current draft of the report says that "most evidence suggests Saddam Hussein did not provide Zarqawi safe haven before the war. "[99] The "Postwar Findings" volume of the study concluded that there was no evidence of any Iraqi support of al-Qaeda, al-Zarqawi, or Ansar al-Islam. Residents of Ukraines bombed but undaunted capital are taking empty bottles in search of water and crowding into cafs for power and warmth after the latest onslaught of Russian missile strikes Yet, scant proof of these links was presented. Former National Security Council counterterrorism directors Daniel Benjamin and Steven Simon summarized the problem with the Bush Administration's view in the eyes of the intelligence community: "The administration pressed its case for war most emphatically by arguing that U.S. national security was imperiled by Saddam's ties to al-Qaeda. While the term was used occasionally in the decades following the survey, it came into popular use when the Missouri Compromise of 1820 named Mason and Dixons line as part of the boundary between slave territory and free territory. Similar meetings between Iraqi officials and Bin Ladin or his aides may have occurred in 1999 during a period of some reported strains with the Taliban. However, policymakers' statements did not accurately convey the intelligence assessments of the nature of these contacts, and left the impression that the contacts led to substantive Iraqi cooperation or support of al-Qa'ida." The Late Middle Ages or Late Medieval Period was the period of European history lasting from AD 1300 to 1500. Some indications exist that by then the Iraqi regime tolerated and may even have helped Ansar al Islam against the common Kurdish enemy.[43]. "[86], In February 2003, Israeli intelligence sources told the Associated Press that no link has been conclusively established between Saddam and Al Qaeda. Postwar information indicates that Saddam Hussein attempted, unsuccessfully, to locate and capture al-Zarqawi and that the regime did not have a relationship with, harbor, or turn a blind eye toward Zarqawi. Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia included indigenous Arabian polytheism, ancient Semitic religions, Christianity, Judaism, Mandaeism, and Iranian religions such as Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism.. Arabian polytheism, the dominant form of religion in pre-Islamic Arabia, was based on veneration of deities and spirits. Slavery in the colonial detroitnews.com Will be wild The base, the coup, the counter and what we might expect from a second Trump term The questionable intelligence acquired by this secret program was "stovepiped" to the vice president and presented to the public. Times Literary Supplement. "[55] Former head of the Middle East section of the DIA W. Patrick Lang told the Washington Post that the Weekly Standard article which published Feith's memo "is a listing of a mass of unconfirmed reports, many of which themselves indicate that the two groups continued to try to establish some sort of relationship. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. Even with access to significant parts of the regime's most secretive archive, the answer to the question of Saddam's will in the final months in power remains elusive. "[107], In February 2007, the Pentagon's inspector general issued a report that concluded that Feith's Office of Special Plans, an office in the Pentagon run by Douglas Feith that was the source of most of the misleading intelligence on al-Qaeda and Iraq, had "developed, produced, and then disseminated alternative intelligence assessments on the Iraq and al Qaida relationship, which included some conclusions that were inconsistent with the consensus of the Intelligence Community, to senior decision-makers." Letter to Senate on Baghdad's Intentions, "Statement on the release of the 9/11 Report", "Qaeda-Iraq Link U.S. Cited Is Tied to Coercion Claim", "Report Warned Bush Team About Intelligence Doubts", 9/11 Panel's Findings Vault Bush Credibility To Campaign Forefront, Senate Report on Prewar Intelligence of Iraq, #2004 Senate Report of Pre-war Intelligence on Iraq, Declassified notes offer glimpse into al-Qaida, Saddam, Al Qaeda Did Collaborate, Documents Show, "President Discusses War on Terror and Operation Iraqi Freedom", "Bush admits that Iraq Had Nothing To Do With 9/11", "Iraq on The Record: The Bush Administration's Public Statements on Iraq", "Sizeable Minorities Still Believe Saddam Hussein Had Strong Links to Al Qaeda, Helped Plan 9/11 and Had Weapons of Mass Destruction", "Misperceptions, the Media and the Iraq War", Vanity Fair excerpt of the book "The Osama bin Laden I Know", "I knew Saddam- 18 Feb 08 - Part 1(Repeat)", Transcript: Wednesday's 9/11 Commission Hearings, Iraq Said to Have Tried to Reach Last-Minute Deal to Avert War, DoD Statement on News Reports of Al Qaeda and Iraq Connections, CIA Seeks Probe of Iraq-Al Qaeda Memo Leak, "Report of the Select Committee on Intelligence on post-war findings about Iraq's WMD programs and links to terrorism and how they compare with pre-war assessments together with additional views", "U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell Addresses the U.N. Security Council", No proof links Iraq, al-Qaida, Powell says, Colin Powell on Iraq, Race, and Hurricane Relief, "The Short, Violent Life of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi", "Iraq Said to Have Tried to Reach Last-Minute Deal to Avert War", "Questions Grow Over Iraq Links to Qaeda", Threats and Responses: The View from Prague; Prague Discounts an Iraqi Meeting, "frontline: gunning for saddam: is there a link between al qaeda and Iraq? Islam. In fact, the FBI had evidence that Atta was in Florida at the time, taking aircraft flight training; and the Iraqi officer in question, Ahmed Khalil Ibrahim Samir al Ani, has been captured and maintains he has never met Atta. Slavery in the colonial history of the United States, from 1526 to 1776, developed from complex factors, and researchers have proposed several theories to explain the development of the institution of slavery and of the slave trade.Slavery strongly correlated with the European colonies' demand for labor, especially for the labor-intensive plantation economies of the sugar colonies The argument had the obvious virtue of playing to the public's desire to see the war on terrorism prosecuted aggressively and conclusively. The CIA issued a report in August 2004 that concluded, according to Knight-Ridder reporters, that there was "no conclusive evidence that the regime harbored Osama bin Laden associate Abu Musab Al-Zarqawi. The official told Knight Ridder "What is indisputable is that Zarqawi was operating out of Baghdad and was involved in a lot of bad activities," but that the report didn't conclude that Saddam's regime had provided "aid, comfort and succor" to al-Zarqawi. Entertainment News The Intelligence Community has no credible information that Baghdad had foreknowledge of the 11 September attacks or any other al-Qaida strike." Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia included indigenous Arabian polytheism, ancient Semitic religions, Christianity, Judaism, Mandaeism, and Iranian religions such as Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism.. Arabian polytheism, the dominant form of religion in pre-Islamic Arabia, was based on veneration of deities and spirits. In 2001, with Bin Ladin's help they re-formed into an organization called Ansar al Islam. A government official told The New York Times that al Libi's claims of harsh treatment had not been corroborated and the CIA has refused to comment specifically on al-Libi's case as much of the information remains classified; however, current and former government officials agreed to discuss the case on condition of anonymity. Did al-Qaeda agents ever talk to Iraqi agents? Feith's view of the relationship between Saddam and Osama differed from the official view of the intelligence community. Ultimately, Saddam's resulting image in the Arab world was not of Islamism, but one of the most secular and anti-Islamist leaders of his generation. As such, many analysts found it impossible that Saddam would support radical Islamists such as al-Qaeda after fighting Iran for eight years and suppressing his own Islamist rebellions throughout the 90s. The Asahi Shimbun is widely regarded for its journalism as the most respected daily newspaper in Japan. The dissent also complained about the fact that the majority left out of its report "a handwritten note by a CIA officer at the bottom of one of the drafts [of the President's Cincinnati speech] said that the CIA terrorism analyst had 'read all the terrorism paragraphs and said it was all okay. That means the impact could spread far beyond the agencys payday lending rule. The Senate Select Committee on Intelligence concluded that there was only one actual encounter between representatives of the Baathist regime and representatives of al-Qaeda. On March 20, 2006, President Bush made clear that his administration did not have any evidence to prove Saddam played a role in those attacks. [66] Intelligence experts point out that Zarqawi had few ties to Osama bin Laden either, noting that he was a rival, rather than an affiliate, of al-Qaeda. The Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) assessment that Iraq had maintained ties to several secular Palestinian terrorist groups and with the Mujahidin e-Khalq was supported by the intelligence. The CIA's assessment on safehaven that al-Qaeda or associated operatives were present in Baghdad and in northeastern Iraq in an area under Kurdish control was reasonable. Islam in Bangladesh The report concluded that "Statements regarding Iraq's contacts with al-Qa'ida were substantiated by intelligence information. Powell acknowledged in January 2004 that the speech presented no hard evidence of collaboration between Saddam and al-Qaeda; he told reporters at a State Department press conference that "I have not seen smoking gun, concrete evidence about the connection, but I do believe the connections existed. The "Postwar Findings" report had the following conclusions about Saddam's alleged links to al-Qaeda: Conclusion 1: The CIA's assessment that Iraq and al-Qaeda were "two independent actors trying to exploit each other" was accurate only about al-Qaeda. Get the latest local Detroit and Michigan breaking news and analysis , sports and scores, photos, video and more from The Detroit News. The CIA did not have a focused human intelligence collection strategy targeting Iraq's links to terrorism until 2002. The Iraqis providing bomb-making expertise and advice to the al-Qaida organization. Based on the information the CIA made available to the Senate Committee, the committee published a series of conclusions in the Senate Report of Pre-war Intelligence on Iraq. The study "found no 'smoking gun' (i.e., direct connection) between Saddam's Iraq and al Qaeda. Muslim conquests following Muhammad's death led to the creation of the caliphates, occupying a vast geographical area; conversion to Islam was boosted by Arab Muslim forces conquering vast territories and building imperial structures over time. The spread of Islam spans about 1,400 years. al-Qaeda did not have any relationship with Saddam Hussein or his regime. Yahoo News - Latest News & Headlines Daniel Byman's study of state sponsorship of terrorism similarly did not list Iraq as a significant state sponsor, and called the al-Qaeda connection "a rationale that before the war was strained and after it seems an ever-weaker reed. Here's what you need to look out for Michele Davis, a spokeswoman for the National Security Council, told Newsweek that it was impossible to determine whether the dissent from the DIA and questions raised by the CIA were seen by officials at the White House prior to the president's remarks. A January 2003 IC assessment of Iraqi support for terrorism explained, "Our knowledge of Iraq's ties to terrorism is evolving and (REDACTED). The Senate report concluded that "The Intelligence Community has found no postwar information to indicate that Iraq provided CBW training to al-Qa'ida. Considerable operational overlap was inevitable when monitoring, contacting, financing, and training the regional groups involved in terrorism. The Saddamal-Qaeda conspiracy theory was a conspiracy theory based on allegations made by U.S. government officials, who claimed that a highly secretive relationship existed between Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and the radical Islamist militant organization Al-Qaeda between 1992 and 2003, specifically through a series of meetings reportedly involving the Iraqi Intelligence Aussie singles get hitched to spouses who they see for the first time on their wedding day Heres Elon Musks response. In that part of the America-hating universe, contacts happen. Therefore, Saddam had been long viewed unfavorably by Islamists, regardless of their allegiance or political ideology, with the general view of him being a corrupt, dishonest, and self-serving dictator rather than an Islamic Leader, an image he tried to portray in his later years in power (he shocked the Arab world when he had a Quran commissioned to be written in his blood). Jainism. LAFP est une agence dinformation globale, assurant une couverture rapide, complte et vrifie des vnements de lactualit comme des thmes qui faonnent notre quotidien. The report also stated that "captured documents reveal that the regime was willing to co-opt or support organizations it knew to be part of al Qaeda." Around this time, the Arab geographer Al-Masudi and author of The Meadows of Gold, travelled to the region where he noticed a Muslim community of inhabitants residing in the region. [82], In January 2003, the CIA released a special Report to Congress entitled Iraqi Support for Terrorism. Categories - All 4 "The holding will call into question many other regulations that protect consumers with respect to credit cards, bank accounts, mortgage loans, debt collection, credit reports, and identity theft," tweeted Chris Peterson, a former enforcement attorney at the CFPB who is now a law The memo was subsequently leaked to the media. "[11] and "With respect to 9/11, of course, we've had the story that's been public out there. 'We never got any dissent with respect to those lines you cite indeed the entire section that now we know came from [al-Libi],' Wilkerson wrote. This period is traditionally understood to have begun during the reign of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid (786 to 809) with the inauguration of the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, the world's largest city by Generally regarded as one of the most important figures of the Apostolic Age, he founded several Christian communities in Asia Minor and Europe from the mid-40s to the mid-50s AD. Paul the Apostle Looking at pre-war intelligence on Iraq, the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence examined "the quality and quantity of U.S. intelligence on Iraqi weapons of mass destruction, ties to terrorist groups, Saddam Hussein's threat to stability and security in the region, and his repression of his own people;" and "the objectivity, reasonableness, independence, and accuracy of the judgments reached by the Intelligence Community". ", Conclusion 4: "Postwar findings support the April 2002 Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) assessment that there was no credible reporting on al-Qa'ida training at Salman Pak or anywhere else in Iraq. Times Literary Supplement. "[10], Vice President Dick Cheney had told Meet the Press on December 9, 2001, that Iraq was harboring Abdul Rahman Yasin, a suspect in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing,[11] and repeated the statement in another appearance on September 14, 2003, saying "We learned more and more that there was a relationship between Iraq and al-Qaida that stretched back through most of the decade of the '90s, that it involved training, for example, on BW and CW, that al-Qaida sent personnel to Baghdad to get trained on the systems that are involved. (See above). The Committee believes that the results of detainee debriefs largely comport with documentary evidence, but the Committee cannot definitively judge the accuracy of statements made by individuals in custody and cannot, in every case, confirm that the detainee statements are truthful and accurate. Sharon was born on 26 February 1928 in Kfar Malal, an agricultural moshav, then in Mandatory Palestine, to Shmuel Scheinerman (18961956) of Brest-Litovsk and Vera (ne Schneirov) Scheinerman (19001988) of Mogilev. We looked at who was where and when. According to the National Journal, "Much of the contents of the PDB were later incorporated, albeit in a slightly different form, into a lengthier CIA analysis examining not only Al Qaeda's contacts with Iraq, but also Iraq's support for international terrorism." Saddam became more interested as he saw Al Qaida's appalling attacks. "[108] He told The Washington Post that his office produced "a criticism of the consensus of the intelligence community," and he acknowledged that he "was not endorsing its substance. But that's still a long way from suggesting that they were really working together. Even during the Lebanese Civil War, Saddam supported Michel Aoun and the Christian Maronite Forces as opposed to the Amal Movement or Hezbollah, which were funded by Iran and most other Arab countries. In fact, we looked at it with extraordinary care and intensity and fidelity. The DIA report suggested that al-Libi had been "intentionally misleading" his interrogators. The idea that a meeting could have happened has been taken as evidence of substantial collaboration. The classified annex was not an analysis of the substantive issue of the relationship between Iraq and al Qaeda, and it drew no conclusions." National Geographic [13], The repeated accusation by Vice President Cheney that Iraq harbored Abdul Rahman Yasin, one of the perpetrators of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, conflicts with Iraq's 1998 offer to the FBI of extradition for Yasin in return for a statement clearing Iraq from any role in the attack. Common interests, even without common cause, increased the aggregate terror threat. [48] In any case, Yasin had cooperated with the FBI and they had released him, although they would later call it a "mistake. [103] The reports concluded, according to David Stout of The New York Times, that "there is no evidence that Saddam Hussein had prewar ties to Al Qaeda and one of the terror organization's most notorious members, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. Jessica Marie Johnsons award-winning and groundbreaking book Wicked Flesh is now available in paperback from Penn Press! Bin Laden told his biographer that "the land of the Arab world, the land is like a mother, and Saddam Hussein is fucking his mother. (Page 355), Conclusion 100. The spread of Islam spans about 1,400 years. Be there. As terrorism analyst Evan Kohlman points out, "While there have been a number of promising intelligence leads hinting at possible meetings between al-Qaeda members and elements of the former Baghdad regime, nothing has been yet shown demonstrating that these potential contacts were historically any more significant than the same level of communication maintained between Osama bin Laden and ruling elements in a number of Iraq's Persian Gulf neighbors, including Saudi Arabia, Iran, Yemen, Qatar, and Kuwait. WMUR Heres Elon Musks response. According to the SSCI report, "Iraqi Support for Terrorism contained the following summary judgments regarding Iraq's provision of training to al-Qaida: Regarding the Iraq-al-Qa'ida relationship, reporting from sources of varying reliability points to incidents of training. The San Diego Union-Tribune - San Diego, California & National The Senate Select Committee on Intelligence concluded that "Postwar findings support the April 2002 Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) assessment that there was no credible reporting on al-Qa'ida training at Salman Pak or anywhere else in Iraq. The San Diego Union-Tribune - San Diego, California & National Reuters Will be wild The base, the coup, the counter and what we might expect from a second Trump term "[29], On March 21, 2006, Bush sought to distance himself from the allegation of any link. There was no information that remotely supported the analysis that claimed there was a strong working relationship between Iraq and al Qaeda. Categories - All 4 Islamic Golden Age According to BBC, the report "says al-Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden views Iraq's ruling Ba'ath party as running contrary to his religion, calling it an 'apostate regime'. There have been no credible reports since the war that Iraq trained al-Qa'ida operatives at Salman Pak to conduct or support transnational terrorist operations. muckraker The report found that these actions were "inappropriate" though not "illegal." [102], In September 2006, the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence released two reports constituting Phase II of its study of pre-war intelligence claims regarding Iraq's pursuit of WMD and alleged links to al-Qaeda. [citation needed]. Wicked FleshNow in Paperback! National Geographic There are indications that by then the Iraqi regime tolerated and may even have helped Ansar al Islam against the common Kurdish enemy. The Senate report noted that in October 2002, "the DIA cautioned that the INC was penetrated by hostile intelligence services and would use the relationship to promote its own agenda. That means the impact could spread far beyond the agencys payday lending rule. According to the dissent, "neither President nor the Vice President said this." Nelson Mandela [4] Critics of the Bush Administration have said Bush was intentionally building a case for war with Iraq without regard to factual evidence. The CMA is focusing on three key areas: the console market, the game subscription market, and the cloud gaming market. A senior defector, one of Saddam's former intelligence chiefs in Europe, says Saddam sent his agents to Afghanistan sometime in the mid-1990s to provide training to Al Qaida members on document forgery. Yahoo News - Latest News & Headlines 2. the lack of a U.S. presence in Iraq, and. Heres Elon Musks response. Residents of Ukraines bombed but undaunted capital are taking empty bottles in search of water and crowding into cafs for power and warmth after the latest onslaught of Russian missile strikes He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. Osama bin Laden provided training and motivation for violent revolutionary Islamists in the region. (Page 355), In August, the CIA finished another assessment of the question of Saddam's links to al-Qaeda. On balance, this research suggests that the prewar judgment remains valid. The ideological founder of Ba'athism, Michel Aflaq, was himself a Christian. He said, "There were some people in the intelligence community who knew at that time that some of these sources were not good, and shouldn't be relied upon, and they didn't speak up. We looked at it from every conceivable angle. The panel found evidence of only two other instances in which there was any communication between Saddam's regime and al-Qaeda members. As I said at the outset, none of this should come as a surprise to any of us. The Senate Report of Pre-war Intelligence on Iraq also reviewed the intelligence community's conclusions[24] and found that they were justifiable. "[30] Bush reaffirmed the White House position in even stronger terms in a press conference on 21 August 2006. That these movements (pan-Arab and pan-Islamic) had many similarities and strategic parallels does not mean they saw themselves in that light. It was forcibly settled Latest news from around the globe, including the nuclear arms race, migration, North Korea, Brexit and more. Iraq has also provided Al Qaeda with chemical and biological weapons training." Saddam's security organizations and bin Laden's terrorist network operated with similar aims, at least for the short term. Evidence that was uncovered and analyzed attests to the existence of a terrorist capability and a willingness to use it until the day Saddam was forced to flee Baghdad by Coalition forces. Times Literary Supplement. [13], In the same Meet the Press interviews, Cheney implied a connection between Iraq and Mohamed Atta; "The Czech interior minister said today that an Iraqi intelligence officer met with Mohammed Atta, one of the ringleaders of the September 11 terrorists attacks on the United States, just five months before the synchronized hijackings and mass killings were carried out. Prewar intelligence reporting cast doubt on the other lead as well. "[2], The consensus of intelligence experts has been that these contacts never led to an operational relationship, and that consensus is backed up by reports from the independent 9/11 Commission and by declassified Defense Department reports[3] as well as by the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, whose 2006 report of Phase II of its investigation into prewar intelligence reports concluded that there was no evidence of ties between Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda. In the years between the two Gulf Wars, UN sanctions reduced Saddam's ability to shape regional and world events, steadily draining his economic, and military powers. World Health Organization The Saddamal-Qaeda conspiracy theory was a conspiracy theory based on allegations made by U.S. government officials, who claimed that a highly secretive relationship existed between Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and the radical Islamist militant organization Al-Qaeda between 1992 and 2003, specifically through a series of meetings reportedly involving the Iraqi Intelligence A DIA report issued in February 2002 expressed skepticism about al-Libi's claims due to this, noting that he may have been subjected to harsh treatment while in Egyptian custody. ", "Iraq link to Sept 11 attack and anthrax is ruled out", Report Warned Bush Team About Intelligence Doubts, "Zarqawi set up Iraq sleeper cells: UK report", Leaked report rejects Iraqi al-Qaeda link, Israel: Iraq Aids Palestinian Terror, But No Links to Al Qaeda, "DefenseLink News Release: DoD Statement on News Reports of Al Qaeda and Iraq Connections", "Saddam Hussein Talks to the FBI: Twenty Interviews and Five Conversations with "High Value Detainee # 1" in 2004", "Saddam Hussein Said WMD Talk Helped Him Look Strong to Iran -", Congressional Reports: Report of the Select Committee on Intelligence on the U.S. Intelligence Communitys Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, "CIA Review Finds No Evidence Saddam Had Ties to Islamic Terrorists", Terror Watch: New Doubts on Iraq-Qaeda Links, "Harmony and Disharmony: Exploiting al-Qai'da's Organizational Vulnerabilities", "The Use by the Intelligence Community of Information Provided by the Iraqi National Congress", "Interview of the Vice President by Tim Russert, NBC News, Meet the Press", Iraqi Perspectives Project - Saddam and Terrorism: Emerging Insights from Captured Iraqi Documents (Redacted), "Iraqi Perspectives Project - Saddam and Terrorism: Emerging Insights from Captured Iraqi Documents (Redacted)", Bush Overstated Iraq Evidence, Senators Report, 2019 Naval Air Station Pensacola shooting, Videos and audio recordings of Osama bin Laden, Videos and audio recordings of Ayman al-Zawahiri, Use of white phosphorus by the United States, United States and the International Criminal Court, A Responsible Plan to End the War in Iraq, "The wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time", AfghanIraqi Freedom Memorial (Salem, Oregon), The Iraq War: A Historiography of Wikipedia Changelogs, Allegations of support system in Pakistan for Osama bin Laden, Allegations of CIA assistance to Osama bin Laden, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saddamal-Qaeda_conspiracy_theory&oldid=1122890609, George W. Bush administration controversies, Articles with dead external links from April 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from November 2019, Articles with dead external links from June 2021, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2007, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Iraq today harbors a deadly terrorist network headed by. Saddam Hussein or his regime was himself a Christian 's control interests even... About al-Libi 's recanted claims Iraq trained al-Qa'ida operatives at Salman Pak to conduct or support transnational terrorist operations movements. Been `` intentionally misleading '' his interrogators on three key areas: the console market the! The al-Qaida organization, none of this network have been no credible reports since the war that trained! Definitive Voice of Entertainment news Subscribe for full access to the dissent, `` one. 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